Ban all geoengineering solutions for solar radiation modification (Solar Radiation Management, SRM), but leave room for research in this area. This is the opinion issued by the Scientific Advice Mechanism, the European Commission’s scientific advisory service.
Solar Radiation Modification: What is SRM?
Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) refers to large-scale climate interventions aimed at reducing global warming by increasing the reflection of solar radiation into space.
The main SRM technologies being studied include:
- Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI): Simulates the effect of large volcanic eruptions by injecting particles into the stratosphere, increasing the amount of solar radiation reflected into space.
- Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB): Increases the reflectivity of low clouds to achieve the same goal.
- Cirrus Cloud Thinning (CCT): Reduces the heat trapped by high clouds, not by creating a new “shield” but by reducing the effectiveness of an existing one.
- Space Mirrors: Placing devices in space to deflect solar rays.
SRM: Too Dangerous
These technologies are still untested, and there is limited evidence regarding their actual effectiveness. This uncertainty is highlighted by the scientific advisors of the European Commission. The scientific uncertainty surrounding solar radiation modification is high, and its effects on Earth’s climate are unpredictable, posing significant risks to ecosystems and biodiversity.
Another concern involves potential side effects. The Earth’s climate system is a complex system that we do not fully understand. A local modification could have unexpected and unpredictable repercussions elsewhere.
Moreover, the scientific opinion highlights the “termination shock,” which refers to the potential uncontrollable effects that could occur if SRM interventions, such as aerosol injections in the stratosphere, were suddenly halted.
Other issues raised by the scientific opinion include the fact that SRM technologies do not address the root causes of climate change and could slow efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
How to Proceed Amid the Growing Interest in Geoengineering?
With the global increase in interest for geoengineering, EU scientists suggest:
- Prioritize reducing greenhouse gas emissions: SRM should not divert attention from essential mitigation and adaptation measures.
- EU moratorium on SRM use: At least until there is strong scientific evidence of its effectiveness and safety.
- Global governance: Establish an inclusive international agreement to regulate research and prohibit unauthorized SRM use.
- Responsible research: Develop ethical guidelines and ensure that SRM research does not divert resources from mitigation efforts.
- Periodic review of scientific evidence: Evaluate risks and opportunities every 5-10 years.